How to Perform Solubility Test

Infographic on solubility test procedure and guideline in pharmaceutical quality control; preparation of sample, choice of solvent, dissolution steps, solubility classification table, laboratory apparatus and reagents, and testing conditions.

The solubility test is a basic test performed in the pharmaceutical laboratory to assess the solubility of a substance in a given solvent. This guide describes the entire solubility testing procedure, apparatus used, considerations for selection of solvents, temperature, and standard solubility classification from very soluble to practically insoluble. This step-by-step reference will help you to test accurately and fulfil the pharmaceutical quality requirements.

Bowie Dick Test for Autoclave Validation

Guide to Bowie-Dick Autoclave Test

The penetration of steam into all parts of the autoclave is essential for achieving and maintaining effective sterilization. The Bowie–Dick test is performed to verify adequate air removal and uniform steam penetration within a pre-vacuum steam autoclave, using a standardized Bowie–Dick test pack. During sterilization, air pockets and non-condensable gases may remain trapped inside the … Read more

Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) Overview

Flow Injection Analysis

The instrument being discussed in this context is known as a Flow Injection Analyzer (FIA). Its primary function is to automate several processes typically associated with conventional wet chemistry procedures. Specifically, the Flow Injection Analysis is designed to perform tasks such as automatically picking up samples, mixing them with the required reagents, and subsequently detecting … Read more

0.01 M Sodium Tetraphenylborate Preparation and Standardization

0.01 M Sodium Tetraphenylborate Preparation and Standardization

Preparation and Standardization of 0.01 M Sodium Tetraphenylborate (C6H5)4BNa) solution and calculating formula in Pharmaceutical labs. Name: 0.01 M Sodium Tetraphenylborate (C6H5)4BNa) Reagents: Sodium TetraphenylborateSodium HydroxideAluminium HydroxideSodium ChlorideCetylpyridinium ChloridePotassium Chloride Method of Preparation: Method of Standardization: Calculation: The calculation formula is : Where ‘a’ is the volume of 0.005 M cetylpyridinium chloride required without potassium … Read more

0.1 M Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide Solution Preparation and Standardization

0.1 M Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide Solution

Preparation and Standardization of 0.1 M Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide (C16H37NO) Solution in Pharmaceutical Labs. Name: 0.1 M Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide (C16H37NO) Reagents : Preparation of 0.1 M Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide: Method of Standardization: Storage: Store below 25°C & store in an amber-colored bottle. Protect exposure from CO2 & water. Shelf life: The shelf life of the above solution … Read more

0.1 N Perchloric Acid Preparation and Standardization

0.1 N Perchloric Acid Preparation and Standardization

Preparation and Standardization of 0.1 N Perchloric acid (Non-Aquos by using glacial acetic acid and crystal violet solution as indicators in Pharmaceuticals. Apparatus and Reagents Requirements: Apparatus: Conical Flask, Volumetric Flask, Reflux condenser, Measuring cylinder, Burette, Pipette and Burette Stand. Reagents: Preparation of 0.1 N Perchloric acid Standardization of 0.1 N Perchloric acid Calculation: N1V1=N2V2 … Read more

Preparation and Standardization of Potassium Permanganate

Preparation and Standardization of Potassium Permanganate

Here is a detailed discussion on How to Prepare and Standardization of Potassium Permanganate (1M, 0.1M, 1N, 0.1N) solution by using different reagents in Labs. Preparation and Standardization of 1M Potassium Permanganate Potassium permanganate – M.Wt – 158 Preparation of 1M Solution of Potassium Permanganate: Principle: In volumetric analysis, many reactions involve oxidation and reduction. … Read more

0.1 M Sodium Thiosulfate Preparation and Standardization

0.1 M Sodium Thiosulfate Preparation and Standardization

Preparation and Standardization of 0.1 M Sodium Thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) solution in pharmaceutical labs. Aim: 0.1 Molar Thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) solution Preparation and Standardization Materials/Reagents: 1.0 – Sodium Thiosulfate2.0 – Sodium Carbonate3.0 – Potassium Bromate4.0 – Potassium Iodide5.0 – Hydrochloric Acid6.0 – Starch Solution Principle: Principle: This method uses a standard process called redox titration with iodometric … Read more

0.1 M KOH Solution Preparation and Standardization

0.1 M KOH solution Preparation and Standardization

Preparation and Standardization of 0.1 M KOH Solution by using HCL and phenolphthalein as an indicator in Pharmaceutical Labs. Aim: To Prepare and measure 0.1 M KOH solution with HCl. Materials and Reagents Requirements: Glass: A burette, burette stand, conical flask, volumetric pipette, beaker, volumetric flask, funnel, glass rod, and a wash bottle.Chemicals: Potassium hydroxide … Read more

0.1N Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) Solution Preparation and Standardization

Preparation and Standardization of 0.1N Silver Nitrate

Preparation and Standardization of 0.1N Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) Solution in pharmaceutical labs by using below steps: Steps involved in the Preparation and Standardization of 0.1N Silver Nitrate Step-1: Reagent preparationStep-2: AgNO3 solution preparationStep-3: AgNO3 solution StandardizationStep-4: Calculation Preparation of 0.1 N AgNO3 solution: Step-1: Reagent Preparation: (Pottasium Chromate solution) Step-2: AgNO3 solution preparation: Step-3: AgNO3 … Read more

0.1 M Silver Nitrate Solution Preparation and Standardization

Preparation and Standardization of 0.1 M Silver Nitrate solution

Aim: Preparation and Standardization of 0.1 M Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) solution by using sodium chloride in Pharmaceutical Labs. Name: 0.1 M Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) Reagents used to Prepare and Standardization of 0.1 M AgNO3 : Glassware: Volumetric Flask, measuring cylinder, Burette, Conical Flask, beaker, and Pipettes. Principle: In the lab, we used a process where … Read more

0.1 M Sodium Nitrite Preparation and Standardization

0.1 M Sodium Nitrite Preparation and Standardization

Preparation and Standardization of 0.1 M Sodium Nitrite (NaNO2) by using Sulphanilic acid in Pharmaceutical Analysis. Chemical Name: 0.1 M Sodium Nitrite (NaNO2) Reagents: 1.0 Sodium nitrite2.0 Sulphanilic acid3.0 Potassium bromide4.0 2M Hydrochloric Acid5.0 Starch iodide paper Preparation of 0.1 M Sodium Nitrite To make this solution, take 7.5 grams of sodium nitrite and dissolve … Read more