Preparation and Standardization of 0.025 M Sulphuric Acid Solution
Know how to prepare 0.025 M sulphuric acid solution using anhydrous sodium carbonate, methyl red indicator, calculations and titration procedure.
Quality Control
How Perform Limit Test for Heavy Metals (SOP)
Limit tests for heavy metals need not be confusing. This guide includes detailed protocols with equipment, reagent preparation and step-by-step instructions to perform a typical test procedure. For all of the Test A, B, C and D options, there are clear instructions to ensure your pharmaceutical quality control is accurate and on track. 1.0 Scope: … Read more
How to Perform Solubility Test
The solubility test is a basic test performed in the pharmaceutical laboratory to assess the solubility of a substance in a given solvent. This guide describes the entire solubility testing procedure, apparatus used, considerations for selection of solvents, temperature, and standard solubility classification from very soluble to practically insoluble. This step-by-step reference will help you to test accurately and fulfil the pharmaceutical quality requirements.
Bowie Dick Test for Autoclave Validation
The penetration of steam into all parts of the autoclave is essential for achieving and maintaining effective sterilization. The Bowie–Dick test is performed to verify adequate air removal and uniform steam penetration within a pre-vacuum steam autoclave, using a standardized Bowie–Dick test pack. During sterilization, air pockets and non-condensable gases may remain trapped inside the … Read more
Fumigation and Fogging in Pharmaceutical
Fumigation and fogging are commonly used in pharmaceuticals to control microbial contamination in controlled areas. Fumigation is a gaseous sterilization process that kills microorganisms and prevents microbial growth in the air or on surfaces such as walls and floors. Fumigation agents, such as formaldehyde and potassium permanganate, are often used to control microorganisms. This technique … Read more
Types of Water in Pharmaceutical, Usage and Technique to Prepare
Water is widely used in pharmaceuticals as an ingredient, solvent for processing, analytical reagent, and in the manufacturing of pharmaceutical products. So, according to pharmacopeia, different types of water are recommended as per the official book and chapter <1231>. Note: Information in this article doesn’t change the existing guidelines and regulations. It helps users understand … Read more
Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometer in Pharmaceutical Analysis
Modern pharmaceutical analysis relies on a range of instrumental techniques to ensure drug safety, efficacy, and regulatory compliance. Among these, UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry is universal in pharma R&D and QC labs. This method measures how much ultraviolet or visible light a sample absorbs, and through the Beer–Lambert law (absorbance ∝ concentration), it enables quantitation of … Read more
Top 10 Common Audit Findings in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
Below is a summary of the 10 most frequently observed audit findings in pharmaceutical manufacturing plants, followed by detailed descriptions, examples, preventive strategies, and relevant industry keywords. Each issue is based on industry reports and regulatory inspection data. Common Audit Finding: 1. Documentation and Record-Keeping Deficiencies: Deficiencies in documentation and records, such as missing or … Read more
Top Asked Interview Questions Answer on HPLC, GC, IR, UV, Mass Spectroscopy
As a pharmaceutical professional, we generally face various problems during analytical processes in our work such as HPLC, GC, IR, UV, Mass Spectroscopy, and many others. These instrumental methods are essential for the analysis of drug substances and drug products to ensure their quality, safety, and efficacy. 21 Top HPLC, GC, IR, UV, Mass Spectroscopy … Read more
Top Asked Dissolution Interview Questions with Expert Answers from Pharma Professionals
Want to succeed in your next pharma interview? This is our complete guide on top most dissolution interview questions that are answered by experienced seasoned pharmaceutical professionals. Knowing these fundamental questions and responses can give you a significant advantage as a recent graduate or experienced candidate. In this article, we explore some of the most … Read more
Procedure for Handling of Deviations (SOP)
Learn About Standard Operating Procedure for Handling of Deviations in pharmaceuticals | Types of deviations | Deviation Flow chart | Devations Guidelines | Deviation Numbering | Deviation management. 1.0 OBJECTIVE: 1.1 To lay down that deviations from manufacturing instructions and quality-related procedures are recorded, investigated, and evaluated for their impact on product quality in a … Read more
Understanding Drug Product Assay and Potency
In this discussion, we will delve into two very important terms associated with drug products: drug product assay and drug product potency. The aim is to clear vision on their interrelation, differences, and significance, as guided by the ICH guideline Q2 R2, which focuses on analytical method validation. Drug Product Assay Definition and Purpose A … Read more
Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) Overview
The instrument being discussed in this context is known as a Flow Injection Analyzer (FIA). Its primary function is to automate several processes typically associated with conventional wet chemistry procedures. Specifically, the Flow Injection Analysis is designed to perform tasks such as automatically picking up samples, mixing them with the required reagents, and subsequently detecting … Read more
Dissolution Test Apparatus / Types of DT Apparatus Methods and Medium
A Dissolution Test is used for in vitro Testing of the Tablets and Capsules. Dissolution provides the product Release info to know the drug delivery. Dissolution apparatus are used throughout the product development life cycle, from Product release to stability testing and study of the product data from product to product. Then after passing or approval from the … Read more
0.01 M Sodium Tetraphenylborate Preparation and Standardization
Preparation and Standardization of 0.01 M Sodium Tetraphenylborate (C6H5)4BNa) solution and calculating formula in Pharmaceutical labs. Name: 0.01 M Sodium Tetraphenylborate (C6H5)4BNa) Reagents: Sodium TetraphenylborateSodium HydroxideAluminium HydroxideSodium ChlorideCetylpyridinium ChloridePotassium Chloride Method of Preparation: Method of Standardization: Calculation: The calculation formula is : Where ‘a’ is the volume of 0.005 M cetylpyridinium chloride required without potassium … Read more
0.1 M Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide Solution Preparation and Standardization
Preparation and Standardization of 0.1 M Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide (C16H37NO) Solution in Pharmaceutical Labs. Name: 0.1 M Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide (C16H37NO) Reagents : Preparation of 0.1 M Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide: Method of Standardization: Storage: Store below 25°C & store in an amber-colored bottle. Protect exposure from CO2 & water. Shelf life: The shelf life of the above solution … Read more